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To be hardened

  • 1 inveteratus

    hardened by age, of long-standing.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > inveteratus

  • 2 attrītus (adt-)

        attrītus (adt-) adj. with comp.    [P. of attero], rubbed, worn away: ansa, V.: mentum paulo attritius.—Fig., hardened, impudent: frons, Iu.

    Latin-English dictionary > attrītus (adt-)

  • 3 calleō

        calleō —, —, ēre    [callum], to be callous; hence, fig., to be experienced, be skilful, be versed: in ea, quorum usu calleret, L. — To know by experience, be skilled in, have the knowledge of, understand: illius sensum, T.: iura: urbanas rusticasque res pariter, L.: sonum digitis et aure, H.: Duram pauperiem pati, to know how, H.: deprendere, Iu.: quo pacto id fieri soleat calleo, T.
    * * *
    callere, callui, - V
    be calloused/hardened; grow hard; be experienced/skilled, understand; know how

    Latin-English dictionary > calleō

  • 4 concrētus

        concrētus adj.    [P. of concresco], condensed, hardened, thick, hard, stiff, curdled, congealed, clotted: nihil sit animis concretum: aër: spuma, O.: lac, V.: sanguis, O.: glacies, L.—Fig., thick, dim: lumen.— Inveterate: labes, V.: Multa diu, inveterate evils, V.: dolor, O.
    * * *
    I
    concreta -um, concretior -or -us, concretissimus -a -um ADJ
    composed/formed; composite; concrete; solid/hard/stiff/frozen; matted; dense; condensed; curdled/clotted; cohering/closed up; constipated; ingrained (sin)
    II
    coagulation; solidifying; condensation (L+S)

    Latin-English dictionary > concrētus

  • 5 indūrātus

        indūrātus adj.    [P. of induro], hardened.— Fig.: induratus resistendo hostium timor, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > indūrātus

  • 6 inveterātus

        inveterātus adj.    [P. of inveteror], inveterate, old, of long standing: odium: invidia: licentia, N.
    * * *
    inveterata, inveteratum ADJ
    old, inveterate, of long standing; hardened by age

    Latin-English dictionary > inveterātus

  • 7 ob-dūrēscō

        ob-dūrēscō ruī, —, ere,     to grow hard: Gorgonis voltu, i. e. to be petrified, Pr.—To become hardened, grow insensible, be obdurate: usu obduruerat civitatis patientia: animus ad dolorem: quorum (amicorum) alii obduruerunt.

    Latin-English dictionary > ob-dūrēscō

  • 8 ob-ūstus

        ob-ūstus    P., burnt into, hardened by fire: torre armatus obusto, V.: glaeba gelu, burnt by frost, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > ob-ūstus

  • 9 per-callēscō

        per-callēscō calluī, —, ere,     inch, to become hardened, grow callous: civitatis patientia percalluerat.—Fig., to grow expert: usu rerum.

    Latin-English dictionary > per-callēscō

  • 10 prae-dūrus

        prae-dūrus adj.,    very hard, hardened: corium, Ta.—Very strong: homo viribus, V.: corpora, V.: tempora, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > prae-dūrus

  • 11 rigeō

        rigeō —, —, ēre    [REG-], to be stiff, be numb, stiffen: frigore (opp. uri calore): omnia rigentia gelu, L.: prata rigent, H.— To be stiff, be rigid, stand on end, bristle, stand erect: gelido comae terrore rigebant, O.: ardua cervix, O.: Cerealia dona rigebant, i. e. hardened into gold, O.: vestes auroque ostroque, stand out, V.— To stand stiff, stand upright, rise: (pars summa scopuli) riget, O.: sine frondibus arbos, O.
    * * *
    rigere, -, - V
    be stiff or numb; stand on end; be solidified

    Latin-English dictionary > rigeō

  • 12 strictūra

        strictūra ae, f    [STRAG-], a compression ; hence, a mass of metal under the forge: striduntque cavernis Stricturae Chalybum, V.
    * * *

    Latin-English dictionary > strictūra

  • 13 adtritus

    I
    adtrita -um, adtritior -or -us, adtritissimus -a -um ADJ
    worn, worn down by use; smoothed; hardened, brazen; thin (style), attenuated; rubbed (off/away), wasted; bruised; shameless, impudent, brazen
    II
    action/process of rubbing/grinding; friction; chafing, abrasion, bruising

    Latin-English dictionary > adtritus

  • 14 attritus

    I
    attrita -um, attritior -or -us, attritissimus -a -um ADJ
    worn, worn down by use; smoothed; hardened, brazen; thin (style), attenuated; rubbed (off/away), wasted; bruised; shameless, impudent, brazen
    II
    action/process of rubbing/grinding; friction; chafing, abrasion, bruising

    Latin-English dictionary > attritus

  • 15 concallesco

    concallescere, concallui, - V INTRANS
    grow/become hard/hardened/callous/insensitive/shrewd/insensible/dull/obtuse

    Latin-English dictionary > concallesco

  • 16 manna

    I
    manna; (food from God for Exodus Jews); food for the soul, divine support; manna, vegetable juice hardened to grains (Pliny)
    II
    manna; (food from God for wandering Hebrews)

    Latin-English dictionary > manna

  • 17 praeustus

    praeusta, praeustum ADJ
    burnt at the end; hardened by burning

    Latin-English dictionary > praeustus

  • 18 calleo

    callĕo, ēre, v. n. and a. [callum].
    I.
    Neutr.
    A.
    Lit., to be callous, to be thickskinned (rare):

    plagis costae callent,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 4; Caecil. ap. Non. p. 258, 10:

    callent rure manus,

    Auct. Aetn. 260; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 211.—
    B.
    Trop.
    * 1.
    To be hardened, insensible, unfeeling: in illis rebus exercitatus animus callere jam debet atque omnia minoris existimare, Serv. Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2; cf. callisco.—
    2.
    To be practised, to be wise by experience, to be skilful, versed in; in a pun on the literal sense A. supra:

    callum aprugnum callere aeque non sinam,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 2; cf. id. ib. v. 1; so id. Pers. 2, 5, 4:

    omnes homines ad suum quaestum callent,

    id. Truc. 5, 40 (cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 62: callidus ad quaestum); Amm. 15, 2, 4: melius quam viri callent mulieres, Att. ap. Non. p. 257, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 28 Rib.):

    satin' astu et fallendo callet?

    id. ib. p. 258, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 475 ib.):

    quod periti sumus in vitā atque usu callemus magis,

    id. ib. 258, 5:

    si in re navali, cujus esset ignarus, offendisset, eo plus in ea, quorum usu calleret, spei nactus,

    Liv. 35, 26, 10:

    cottidiano usu ejus (negotii) callebant,

    Val. Max. 8, 12, 1; Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 91; 9, 29, 46, § 86:

    augurandi studio Galli praeter caeteros callent,

    Just. 24, 4, 3: arte, Ser. ap. Non. p. 258, 2; Sol. 8:

    bellis callere,

    by military experience, Sil. 6, 90 sq.: fidibus, App. Flor. n. 18.—
    II.
    Act., to know by experience or practice, to know, have the knowledge of, understand (freq., esp. in the poets;

    in Cic. very rare): memini et scio et calleo et commemini,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 52; id. Poen. 3, 1, 71:

    cuncta perdocte callet,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 122:

    alicujus sensum,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 17: istaec malitiosa non tam calleo, Afran. ap. Non. p. 482, 10 (Com. Rel. v. 124 Rib.):

    in colubras callet cantiunculam,

    Pompon. ib. 482, 9 (Com. Rel. v. 118 ib.):

    jura,

    Cic. Balb. 14, 32; Gell. 16, 10, 3:

    urbanas rusticasque res pariter,

    Liv. 39, 40, 4:

    artem,

    Tac. A. 13, 3:

    legitimum sonum digitis callemus et aure,

    Hor. A. P. 274 al. —
    (β).
    With inf. as object: multaque de rerum mixturā dicere callent, * Lucr. 2, 978; Hor. C. 4, 9, 49; Juv. 4, 142; Pers. 5, 105.—
    (γ).
    With acc. and inf.: quem Marcellini consiliarium fuisse callebant, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 258, 8.—
    (δ).
    With rel.-clause:

    quo pacto id fieri soleat, calleo,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 37.—Hence, callens, entis, P. a., acquainted with, versed in, skilful, expert (very rare):

    qui sunt vaticinandi callentes,

    Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 182:

    utriusque linguae,

    Gell. 17, 5, 3:

    bellandi,

    Amm. 16, 12, 32.—
    * Adv.: callenter, skilfully, cunningly; for the class. callide, App. M. 4, p. 150, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > calleo

  • 19 callum

    callum, i, n. ( callus, i, m., Cels. 5, 18, 36; 5, 26, 31 al.; Domit. Mars. ap. Charis. p. 55; plur. calli, Scrib. Comp. 37; 205; Suet. Aug. 80) [cf. Gr. kalamê; Lat. culmus, culmen].
    I.
    The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies:

    fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis aut callo aut cortice tectae,

    Lucr. 4, 935:

    calceamentum solorum callum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:

    pedum,

    Plin. 22, 25, 60, § 127; cf. id. 9, 35, 54, § 108.— Plur., Suet. Aug. 80.—Hence,
    B.
    Meton.
    1.
    The hard flesh of certain animals:

    aprugnum,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 2; id. Pers. 2, 5, 4; for which absol. callum, id. Capt. 4, 3, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 33:

    manus elephanti,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    locustarum,

    id. 9, 30, 50, § 95.—
    2.
    The hard skin or the hard flesh of plants:

    uvarum,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 14:

    pirorum ac malorum,

    id. 15, 28, 34, § 116:

    fungorum,

    id. 22, 23, 47, § 96:

    foliorum,

    id. 16, 22, 34, § 82; Pall. Mart. 10, 28 al.—
    3.
    The hard covering of the soil:

    terrae,

    Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 33; 19, 2, 11, § 33; 31, 4, 30, § 53; also, of the hardness of salt:

    salis,

    id. 16, 12, 23, § 56.—
    II.
    Trop., hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity (rare;

    most freq. in Cic.): ipse labor quasi callum quoddam obducit dolori,

    renders callous to pain, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36; 3, 22, 53; id. Fam. 9, 2, 3:

    ducere,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 8, 2:

    inducere,

    Quint. 12, 6, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callum

  • 20 callus

    callum, i, n. ( callus, i, m., Cels. 5, 18, 36; 5, 26, 31 al.; Domit. Mars. ap. Charis. p. 55; plur. calli, Scrib. Comp. 37; 205; Suet. Aug. 80) [cf. Gr. kalamê; Lat. culmus, culmen].
    I.
    The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies:

    fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis aut callo aut cortice tectae,

    Lucr. 4, 935:

    calceamentum solorum callum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:

    pedum,

    Plin. 22, 25, 60, § 127; cf. id. 9, 35, 54, § 108.— Plur., Suet. Aug. 80.—Hence,
    B.
    Meton.
    1.
    The hard flesh of certain animals:

    aprugnum,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 2; id. Pers. 2, 5, 4; for which absol. callum, id. Capt. 4, 3, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 33:

    manus elephanti,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    locustarum,

    id. 9, 30, 50, § 95.—
    2.
    The hard skin or the hard flesh of plants:

    uvarum,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 14:

    pirorum ac malorum,

    id. 15, 28, 34, § 116:

    fungorum,

    id. 22, 23, 47, § 96:

    foliorum,

    id. 16, 22, 34, § 82; Pall. Mart. 10, 28 al.—
    3.
    The hard covering of the soil:

    terrae,

    Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 33; 19, 2, 11, § 33; 31, 4, 30, § 53; also, of the hardness of salt:

    salis,

    id. 16, 12, 23, § 56.—
    II.
    Trop., hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity (rare;

    most freq. in Cic.): ipse labor quasi callum quoddam obducit dolori,

    renders callous to pain, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36; 3, 22, 53; id. Fam. 9, 2, 3:

    ducere,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 8, 2:

    inducere,

    Quint. 12, 6, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callus

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